Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection and Other Disorders; Literature Review

Clostridium difficile infection is the most prevalent hospital-acquired infection following antibiotic administration. It represents a significant burden on the patient's morbidity, mortality, and the global healthcare system. Fecal microbiota transplantation was found to be an excellent alternative method for treating and preventing recurrent C. difficile infection. The exact mechanism is unknown, but it is thought to restore the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. We have identified the relevant studies using the PubMed database, the following mesh words were "fecal microbiota transplantation" and "recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. No quality assessment of individual studies was performed. In this literature review, we will try to determine the efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent Clostridium defficile infection compared to standard antibiotic therapy. High cure rate was reported regardless of the transplantation modality. Beyond recurrent C. difficile infection, we reviewed the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in other conditions such as primary C. difficile infection and inflammatory bowel diseases.