Comparative Investigation of the Crime of Forgery of Documents in Iranian and German Law

The purpose of this article is to identify, evaluate and explain the crime of forgery of documents in the penal code of Iran and Germany. The crime of forgery of documents, as a common type of forgery, is in fact considered a crime against public safety and security in Iran and Germany which can have a negative impact on public security, and since the advancement of science and knowledge has provided the forgers with the tools and means of altering and distorting documents, it has led to appropriate criminalization by the legislators of Iran and Germany. The research method is of comparative type and the method of data analysis is descriptive and analytical. The results show that the penal systems of Iran and Germany each have unique characteristics in dealing with the crime of forgery of documents, which can be achieved by studying the relevant laws and the opinions of lawyers and jurists. In addition, the conditions and elements of the crime of forgery of documents in the German Penal Code are similar to those in the Islamic Penal Code of Iran. The crime of forgery of documents is an act against public security and well-being in Iran and Germany, and the legislature has provided for imprisonment and fines for perpetrators, and even in Iran it may result in the execution of the perpetrators.