Activity of the System of Oxidative Stress as Antioxidant Protection in Hypertension with Different Classes of Obesity

Oxidative stress is traditionally regarded as a key factor in the pathogenesis of numerous conditions, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes and obesity. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the generation of active forms of oxygen and detoxification with an antioxidant system with a predominance of the first one. Analysis of literary data showed that the problem of studying the activity of oxidative stress in the comorbidity of the most common non-communicable diseases requires clarification and further research. The purpose of the study was to assess the features of the system of oxidative stress as an antioxidant protection in patients with hypertension and various classes of obesity. Materials and methods. We examined 200 patients with arterial hypertension and obesity of the I-II classes who gave informed written consent to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. Patients of the main group were divided into subgroups according to the classes of obesity: the first subgroup included 80 patients with obesity of the I class, and the second subgroup comprised 120 patients with obesity of the II class. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy individuals, matched by age and sex with the patients of the main group. The concentrations of aldosterone and renin in serum were determined. At the renin levels <0.65 ng/ml/h, low-renin hypertension was established, and the renin levels ≥ 0.65 ng/ml/h, high-renin hypertension was noted. Results and discussion. Comparative assessment of indicators in class I and II obesity showed that even within the same degree of hypertension systolic and pulsed blood pressure in class II obesity, were significantly higher than in class I obesity. As compared to class I obesity, in class II obesity, the imbalance of the system of oxidative stress as an antioxidant protection was more pronounced, which showed a significant higher levels of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates, and lower levels of total antioxidant protection. A more pronounced imbalance of the system of oxidative stress as an antioxidant protection in the progression of obesity can be explained by the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of the disease. Obesity is associated with a regulatory disorder in the metabolic balance, which includes lipid metabolism, inflammatory or hormonal processes, in addition to insulin resistance. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex and involves metabolic and hormonal disregulation, chronic inflammation and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum, among other processes that are closely interrelated. Conclusions. In patients with comorbidity of hypertension and obesity, an increase in the class of obesity is associated with a more pronounced imbalance of the system of oxidative stress – antioxidant protection, which was characterized by significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates and low levels of total antioxidant protection in obesity II degree (as compared to class I obesity).