Review: Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) Botanical Aspects, Chemical Content, Pharmacological Activities

Black pepper spices have many benefits in life. The most commonly used service is as a spice in the kitchen because it has a distinctive taste. Black pepper is one of the oldest spices and is most widely used for cooking and in the health sector, namely traditional medicine called the "king of spices."The data collection was sourced from the internet, such as Google Scholar, Researchgate, Science direct, books on black pepper, and trusted journal publishers from 2000-2020. Traditional medicine uses plants that exist in nature, such as roots, stems, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits that are easier to obtain. Besides not having side effects, they can also be used for a long time. The main content of piperine and essential oil from black pepper has many pharmacological effects, including an antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, antiepileptic, increases libido, anti-diarrhea and others. Based on this, a lot of research has been done on black pepper's chemical content and its pharmacological effects.