BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLASTIC POLYMER- A SHORT REVIEW OF MICROPLASTIC EFFECT ON MARINE ORGANISM

Synthetic polymers generate ubiquitous microplastic particles in the marine environment, and the particles are regarded as dangerous waste. The uncontrollable demand for synthetic fabric and plastic product in the global market increases its production. Though synthetic polymers do not biodegrade, it is challenging for the earth environment and aquatic life. Gradually, microplastic is becoming a severe risk for the marine species by merging with the plankton and influences the ecological pathway— bioaccumulation elements for a larger trophic level of organisms and influences on marine ecological functions remain indefinite. The elements influencing microplastic inquisition are the principal targets of this review; the biological influences of related physical and chemical contaminants are described. The study presents a review that has been accomplished the summary of the resent sources of microplastic pollution and biological effect of different plastic polymer on the marine organism. The study also presents an analysis of the long-term effect that microplastic is assimilated into the tissues, reduced feeding activity, energy, and decreases the growth of the marine organism. It also reduces eggs producing and larvae and spam velocity. The review revealed that the tiny particles of microplastic increased fatality, inflammation and consumed energy reserves, hemolymph, increase toxicological stress, educed AcChE activity and reduced antioxidant protection of the aquatic animal. The result of the review shows the different synthetic polymer toxic effects on the marine environment.