Evaluation and Comparison of Correlation between ABO Blood Group and Rh Factor and Periodontal Diseases: A Clinical Study

Genetic variations may act as protective or risk factors for certain conditions, including periodontitis. The ABO blood type system has significance beyond transfusion and transplantation, as it determines many of the digestive and immunological characteristics of the body. The dominant aetiology of most periodontal diseases are bacteria, but studies show that genetic factors also have a major role in periodontal diseases and possibly a major contributor to different prevalence rates of this condition among various groups. Aim: The present study was conducted to determine whether there is any correlation between periodontal diseases and ABO blood groups and Rh factor. Material and methods: This study was carried out on 150 subjects attending Faculty of Dental Sciences OPD in Al badar rural dental and hospital, kalaburagi. Subjects were divided into three groups: group I (healthy subjects), group II (subjects with gingivitis), and group III (subjects with periodontitis) based on periodontal examination (Gingival index, Bleeding Index, Probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level). ABO Blood grouping were done and correlated with the periodontal status of study subjects. Results: In this study, there was a greater prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis in blood group B. The blood group AB showed the least prevalence of periodontal diseases. Similarly gingivitis and peridontitis were significantly higher among Rhesus positive groups when compared with Rhesus negative groups. Conclusion: Significant correlation between the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease and blood groups existed in this study. This broad correlation between periodontal disease and ABO blood group points toward the susceptibility of subjects with certain blood groups to periodontal disease. However, long-term studies with greater sample size are required to make more comprehensive assessment of this association.