Conditioned Medium Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Inhibited Tyrosinase Expression and Melanin More Effective Than Hydroquinone in Guinea Pig Skin

Hydroquinone 4% (HQ) is the gold standard for protecting skin from hyperpigmentation. However, using this regime for the long-term causes side effects such as erythema and ochronosis. Conditioned Medium Adipose-Derived Stem cells (ADSC-CM) contain cytokines and growth factors reported to have a whitening effect and safer than HQ. This study aimed to evaluate ADSC-CM's effect in inhibiting the increase of tyrosinase enzyme expression and melanin amount compared to 4% HQ in guinea pig skin exposed UVB. Post-test only control group study design was performed in 30 male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), 3-4 months old, weight 300-350 grams. The subjects were divided randomly into three even groups. All three groups were exposed to UVB and given base cream (group 1), 4% HQ cream (group 2), and ADSC-CM (group 3). The total dose of UVB was 390 mJ/cm2 for two weeks. Histopathological examination of the skin was performed to examine the tyrosinase expression and the amount of melanin. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. Histopathological examination of the skin was performed to analyze the tyrosinase expression of the amount of melanin. The mean of tyrosinase expression in group 3 (10.1?1.88%) was significantly lower than group 2 (12.26?2.12%;p=0.039) and group 1 (27.37?2.64%; p<0.001). Furthermore, the mean amount of melanin cells in group 3 (1.29?0.53%) was also statistically lower than group 2 (1.74?0.50%; p=0.04)and group 1(4.4?0.32%; p<0.001). ADSC-CM inhibited the increase of tyrosinase expression and melanin more effectively than 4% HQ cream and base cream.