Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia among Peri and Post Menopausal Women

Abstract: Introduction: Menopause is an important phase in the life of a woman as she spends 1/3rd of her life in this phase. Among women aged above 45years, osteoporosis accounts for more days spend in hospital than any other disease. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia and its related risk factors in women of age 45 to 65 years. Methodology: A cross sectional observational study involving 250 peri and post menopausal women of the age group 45-65yrs who attended the gynae OPD who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected till the required number of sample size using consecutive number method. A detailed proforma containing BMI, diet, T score, S ca, S mg and S ALP, duration of exercise, medical, obstetrical, menstrual, surgical and drug history was designed for the study. Results: Our study showed that out of the 250 patients studied the prevalence of osteoporosis in the age group 45-65years is 12.8 %. Prevalence of osteopenia is 50 %. Normal population is 37.2 %. Mean age of the population is 51.61 ± 6.88SD. 58.4 % of the people belonged to 45-50years, 11.65 % belonged to 51-55years. 14 % belonged to 56-60yrs and 16 % belonged to 61-65years. Mean T score of the population is -1.431±0.756SD which refers to osteopenia. There is a statistically significant association between T score and age, BMI, SES, educational qualification, parity, years since menopause, duration of hysterectomy, family history of osteoporosis, S ca, duration of exercise, mean calorie intake, mean protein intake and comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypothyroidism with a p value of < 0.05. Age, BMI, SES, years since menopause and duration of hysterectomy showed statistically significant correlation with T score.. Conclusion: The Osteoporosis and Osteopenia prevalence were found to be high and alarming in postmenopausal women and majority who are predisposed to low BMD are under diagnosed or under treated in the population.