The Dilemma Social Performance and Financial Performance of the Company: Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Approach

In previous years, it is necessary to know that sustainable development has moved into the work and research themes. It occupies a prominent place in the professional and academic strategic concerns. The objective of sustainable development is to reconcile the three central references: the preservation of the environment, social progress and economic development by seeking sustainability and profit maximization. In order to protect the image and reputation of the company, and to master the economic risks, social and environmental towards stakeholders, the business world has seen the emergence of a new concept sustainable development named social Responsibility which according to definition (Carroll, 1979)"Social responsibility of business encompasses the economic expectations, legal, ethical and discretionary that society imposes on organizations at some point." According to the author CSR is a strategic move that has a role in organizational change. In other words it is the contribution of business to sustainable development principles. The concept of social performance of the company is declined from CSR. This notion evokes all actions and CSR achievements in terms of performance. It is the result of a management relationship between the stakeholders related to the company in question. The concept of CSP was the subject of many theoretical debates on these foundations, characteristics and measures employed. In this article, we will focus on the possible relationship between social performance and corporate financial performance. This debate has sparked growing interest by researchers and professionals in the field of management, finance, strategy, etc ... First, we will discuss the relationship CSP/ CFP through the type of links between social and financial performance of the company. Then we will study the measures of CSP. Finally, we conclude by drawing the advantages and disadvantages of measuring instruments of the two variables.