Fetomaternal Outcome in Placenta Previa at Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Rajasthan: A Retrospective Analysis

Background: Placenta Previa (PP) is defined as placenta that lies wholly or partly within the lower uterine segment. It is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality because of unanticipated blood loss and is of the most acute life-threatening emergency in obstetrics. Objective: Feto-maternal outcome in cases of placenta previa in a teaching hospital. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in Dr S N Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan over a period of one year from June 2018 to May 2019. There was a total of 9557 deliveries during this period and 76 patients were placenta previa. Results: There was a total of 9557 deliveries during this period and 76 patients were placenta previa. Incidence of placenta previa was 0.8 %. In our study 41 cases were found in the age group of 26-30 years (53.95 %) and 23 cases were found in the age group of 20-25 years (30.26 %) and placenta previa was found in 36 cases (47.1 %) in greater thangravid 2, followed by gravid 2 in 27 cases (35.52 %). Low lying placenta was the most common type of placenta previa in 40.79 % cases, followed by type 2 in 28.95 %. Out of 76 cases, 46.05 % cases were present between 34-37 weeks of gestation followed by 38.2 % cases were greater than37 weeks. Most common mode of delivery was Caesarean 93.4 %. Out of 76 cases 59.2 % babies were of birth weight less than2.5 kg and 40.8 % babies greater than2.5 kg. Out of 76 cases 15.78 % cases had Atonic PPH, 5.26 % cases were minor degree PPH and 10.52 % cases were of major degree of PPH, of which 5.26 % cases went for hemorrhagic shock. Of these 4 cases, 2 cases were controlled by medical and surgical (bilateral uterine ligation) and 2 case landed up in hysterectomy due to Intractable PPH. No maternal mortality in our study. Conclusion: Managing a case of placenta previa during pregnancy poses a great challenge to every obstetrician in present day obstetrics due its increased risk of maternal and perinatal complication.