New Ecological Paradigm: Item Validity and Its Refinement Based on Local Indigenous of Manggaraian Culture

New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) is an instrument developed by Dunlap and Van Liere to measure attitudes, beliefs, values and worldviews that people have in relation to the environment. Although it has been widely used, criticism to the use of NEP is unavoidable. One of the most important criticisms is can NEP be used outside the context of western culture This study aims to validate the use of NEP in the Manggarai indigenous people and revise the NEP by incorporating elements of the local wisdom of the Manggarai indigenous people. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. Forum Group Discussion and interviews with traditional leaders were used to obtain qualitative data, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to analyze each item of NEP items. The samples in this study were 120 Manggarai people with different ages and education backgrounds. The results showed that the environmental views of manggaraian were present, which were affected by culture, but unfortunately they were not strong as indicated by the size alpha which is only 0.658. Nonetheless, the results of this study also has shown that even though NEP has been translated into a variety of language, it is still can be used as a means for analyzing of peoples environmental views.