Hyperemesis Gravidarum - A Literature Review

Hyperemesis gravidarum refers to intractable vomiting during pregnancy that leads to weight loss and volume depletion resulting ketonuria and ketonemia. Here has been fall in the incidence during the past 30 years. Now that reduces less than 1 in 1000 pregnancies. The causes of hyperemesis gravidarum were excess chorionic gonadotropin, high serum estrogen, progesterone excess cause relaxation of cardiac sphincter, psychogenic factors and deficiencies of vitamin B6, vitamin B1 and protein. While in the first half of the 1900s theories of hyperemesis were psychological such as rejection of pregnancies. Recently a scientific study shows 94 % of women no prior to psychological history. Now mainly the hyperemesis gravidarum cause by pyloric infection and family history of hyperemesis gravidarum. Previously the fetal and maternal mortality is high due to hyperemesis gravidarum. Nowadays, fluid therapy, antiemetics, hydrocortisone and nutritional supplements are available treatment of choice to prevent and reduce mortality ratio.