Cellular Mobile Technologies (1G to 5G) and Massive MIMO

Cellular network technology supports a hierarchical structure formed by the base transceiver station (BTS), mobile switching center (MSC), location registers and public switched telephone network (PSTN). The BTS enables cellular devices to make direct communication with mobile phones. The unit acts as a base station to route calls to the destination base center controller. The base station controller (BSC) coordinates with the MSC to interface with the landline-based PSTN, visitor location register (VLR), and home location register (HLR) to route the calls toward different base center controllers. In the past few decades, mobile wireless technologies have experience 4 or 5 generations of technology revolution and evolution, namely from 0G to 4G. Current research in mobile wireless technology concentrates on advance implementation of 4G technology and 5G technology. Currently 5G term is not officially used. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a wireless technology that uses multiple transmitters and receivers to transfer more data at the same time. All wireless products with 802.11n support MIMO. The technology helps allow 802.11n to reach higher speeds than products without 802.11n. In this knowledge base article we will focus on the evolution and development of various generations of mobile wireless technology along with their significance and advantages of one over the other. The main contribution of this paper is the basic concept of cellular mobile communication with their generations (1G to 5G). The proposal in this paper also related to Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Some potential areas of research and development (R& D) are also presented.