Prospective Study of Bone Marrow Aspiration in Haematological Disorder

Background: Bone marrow examination is valuable in diagnosis of various haematological and nonhaematological disorder. Bone marrow aspirate smears are ideal for the study of cytological details of haematopoietic cells. The purpose of this study is to acknowledge the prevalance of haematological disorders commonly diagnosed using this procedure. Material and methods: The present study was prospective study of 4 month duration conducted in the Department of Pathology Pt. J. N. M. Medical College and associated Dr B. R. A. M Hospital Raipur (C. G). A total 115 cases were included in study. Records regarding the clinical indication for the procedure, peripheral blood smear reports, blood counts and significant findings on bone-marrow aspiration examination were studied. Result: During the study period of 4 month, 115 cases of bone marrow aspiration fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Male female ratio in our study was 1.8: 1. The age ranges were from 3 month to 80 years. Mean age was 40 years. Most of the cases had hypercellular marrow (48.6 %) followed by normocellular (33.9 %) and hypocellular (17.3 %). Most common finding in our study was erythroid hyperplasia (21.8 %). Megaloblastic anemia was most common anemia (4.3 %). Single case (0.8 %) of autoimmune haemolytic anemia was reported. Next most common finding was acute leukemia. Out of 24 cases, (20.9 %), 14 cases, (12.1 %) were of acute myeloid leukemia and 10cases, (0.8 %) were of acute lymhoblastic leukemia.14cases, (12.9 %) of chronic myeloid leukemia reported.4cases, (3.5 %) of multiple myeloma were reported. Among cases received for staging in lymphoma 3cases, (2.7 %) were positive for infiltration.18 (15.6 %) cases were nonconclusive and 20cases, (17.4 %) were normal. Conclusion: It is an important step not only for confirmatory diagnosis of haematological disorder but also useful for prognosis and therapeutic evaluation of disease. These are also helpful in planning further investigations and management.