A Maxillary Second Molar with an Unusual Positioning of Palato-Mesiobuccal Canal: A Case Report

Majority of the endodontic failures occurs because of undetected roots/canals. Hence, a clear understanding of the root canal anatomy and its possible variations is a requirement for successful root canal treatment. Maxillary molars has one of the most complex root and canal anatomy, resulting in diagnostic and treatment challenges. Maxillary molars are known to have a fourth canal (Mesiobuccal second canal) located in the Mesiobuccal root. An inability to detect and treat MB2 canal is a reason for endodontic failure in maxillary molars& an awareness and understanding of this root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment. This case report presents the occurrence and successful endodontic treatment of a second Mesiobuccal canal in maxillary second molar. The case was diagnosed with careful exploration of the pulp chamber floor, routine radiographic examination and confirmed with the help of cone beam computed tomography which plays an important role in assessment of complex root canal morphologies. With advances in research and technology, we are now able to identify and treat many more of these complexities than in the past, leading to greater opportunities for successful endodontic outcomes.