Genetic Regulation Trait Content of Microelements in Grains of Russian Rice Varieties

Inadequate consumption of trace elements leads to metabolic disorders and the appearance whole range of diseases. First of all, these are diseases of the cardiovascular system, diabetes, and oncological diseases [14], [24]. Black and red grain rice is one of the most promising sources of antioxidants and microelements (from 5 to 20 times more than in white grain varieties). Due to these properties, black rice is recognized as the Super Food of the 21st Century [16], [18]. These elements and their compounds provide cancer prevention, reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, increase immunity, improve the synthesis of visual pigments, activate metabolic processes, etc. [26], [29]. It was established that intraspecific diversity by traits observed at the phenotypic level is associated both with structural and regulatory genes [15]. Data on the genetic regulation of the synthesis of substances that increase the nutritional value of grain (micro and macroelements, etc. ) will intensify rice breeding in order to create varieties for the production of functional foods. The polymorphism Russian rice varieties was revealed by markers determining the nutritional value of rice, up to eight alleles per locus. Polymorphism was detected in genes linked to the content of signs: iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, calcium, phosphorus, potassium. To increase the efficiency of sampling by feature, four multiplex complexes were formed that control 11 loci that determine the content of micro and macro elements in rice samples. The first controls genes that determine content of Mn, Ca on chromosome 3 and Zn on the eighth chromosome. The second two genes that determine the iron content (on chromosomes 6 and 8) and manganese on the tenth chromosome. The third reveals polymorphism at the loci that determine the content of Zn, P, K on 5, 6, 8 chromosomes. The fourth multiplex complex allows us to assess the variability of two loci on the eighth and fifth chromosome.