Impact of Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Context Diabetes Mellitus, the most common non-communicable disease and the diseases of thyroid gland are amongst the most abundant endocrine disorders in the world second only to diabetes. The study problem was that the modes of association between DM and thyroid diseases are more complex and unclear. Aims This study was carried out to evaluate the associations between type 1 diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction. The importance of the study was that the thyroid diseases affect approximately 10-15 % of patients with diabetes mellitus whereas in non-diabetics, the prevalence is approximately 6 %. Settings and Design A case- control and hospital- based analytical study was conducted from January 2015 to November 2016. Methods Two hundred and five Sudanese patients with T1DM were selected as test group 100 apparently healthy volunteers as controls both groups were age and sex matched. In all participants, the following antibodieswere surveyed Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (antiGAD), immunoglobulin A (IgA), HbA1c ( %) and TSH. Statistical Analysis Used The quantitative variables were expressed as a mean and standard deviation and the qualitative variables incontinency tables. Students t-test and x2 tests were used to assess the differences between the groups. The levelof significance was established as P less than 0.05. Results means of serum were statistically significant increased in diabetic patients in compression to control group AD, TG, HbA1c % and TSH (8.869.233) versus (3.001.40), p-0.00 (6.498.80) versus (2.701.26), p-0.00, ( 12.421.99) versus (5.390.37) p-0.00, ( 2.250.98) versus (2.061.10) p-0.00 respectively. Conclusions Serum level of TSH and HbA1c are important tests for monitoring diabetic patients with thyroid disorders. Early detection of auto antibodies (TG antibodies and GAD antibodies) provides a prognostic value for the prediction of autoimmune Thyroiditis in type I diabetes mellitus patients.