Effect of Prenatal Malnutrition on Fetus and Newborn Baby: A Comprehensive Review

Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in influencing fetal growth and birth outcomes. Early finding of health risk associated with Malnutrition and Micronutrient deficiency during pregnancy provides the best possible result. Maternal malnutrition increases the risk of gestational anemia, hypertension, miscarriages and fetal deaths during pregnancy, pre-term delivery and maternal mortality. In newborn, it can cause low birth weight, fetal intrauterine growth retardation that may have long life consequences on development, quality of life and health care costs. Malnutrition also has an adverse effect on the development of the immune system of the newborn. There was identifying the relationship between maternal malnutrition and fetal development outcomes. Prenatal Malnutrition should be treated during pregnancy by healthy diet or supplements. Nutritional counseling needs to be an integral part of antenatal care in order to reduce the risk of maternal-fetal and newborn complications.