Estimation of Land Surface Temperatures from Satellite Images for Al-Hammar Marshes in Iraq

Remote sensing instruments are key players to study and mapping land surface temperature (LST) at temporal and spatial scales. In this paper, Land surface temperatures for Al-Hammar Marshes in Iraq are estimated for years 1991, 2000, 2015, and 2017 using ENVI 5.1 software programming for the purpose of knowledge the extent of the change in surface temperature of the Marshesland by producing digital maps and classified chromatically to the temperature distribution and by taking advantage of the thermal band of the satellite Landsat sensors TM, ETM + and OLI,. By comparing four different time periods (1991, 2000, 2015 and 2017), we concluded that the surface temperature of Al-Hammar Marshes continued increase. The results indicated that the study area suffering from a clear increase in temperatures, included all classes of Marshesland, where the average temperature for the year 1991 approximately 41.506, while the average temperature value for the year 2000 increased about 44.69, an increase of 3.19. for the year 1991. The average temperature for the year 2015 was approximately 47.31, an increase of 2.62 for the year 2000, while The average temperature for the year 2017 was approximately 47.85 and an increase of 6.35 in comparison with the year 1991.