Pathophysiology, Types & Management of Breast Cancer: A Review

Cancer is a disease of the cells, which are the body's basic building blocks. The body constantly makes new cells to help us grow, replace worn-out tissue and heal injuries. A woman's breast is made up of glands that can make breast milk (lobules), small tubes that carry milk from the lobules to the nipple (ducts), fatty and connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymph vessels. Most breast cancers begin in the cells that line the ducts. Fewer breast cancers start in the cells lining the lobules. Breast cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy which is second leading cause of cancer death around the world. Breast cancer in young women is associated with adverse pathological factors, including high grade tumors, hormone receptor negativity, and HER2 overexpression. The mammogram is the main test to find breast cancer early followed by breast MRI. Treatment of breast cancer includes surgery, Mastectomy Radiation, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, Targeted therapy, Bone-directed therapy