Light Emitting Diodes: Enlightened the Past, Brightening the Future

Incandescent light bulbs lit the 20th century, the 21stcentury will be lit by LED lamps. Since the energy crises of the 1970s, researchers have introduced many more efficient light sources, but now all are being replaced with LEDs. Light emitting diode or LED bulbs are emerging as the most energy-efficient source of lighting, with a LED bulb using only 1/10th as much energy as a normal incandescent bulb and half as much energy as a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) to produce the same amount of light. Moreover, the pace at which LEDs have come to dominate the market has been astonishingly high. This paper is intended to provide a brief review about how LEDs emerged from its embryonic face to successful advancements, creating wider avenues to expansion.