Channel Characterization for Underwater Acoustic Communcation in the Shallow Sea-Water

this paper is intended to model the communication channel which is sea-water for the propagation of the acoustic signals. The shallow water experiences lots of turbulence due to high-speed winds blowing on the sea, which leads to breaking of the waves and thus formation of cloud bubbles. These bubbles are responsible for the variations in the sound speed profile causing potential attenuation in the signal strength, which is again dependent on the depth below the sea-surface. Thus, as the depth increases the bubble size and the density decrease. This distribution of the bubble plumes model the channel and their effect is dominant in rough sea-surface. The bubble model by Norton et al. , is used to give the parabolic distribution of the bubble size and density depending on the wind speed and depth below the surface. This model thus can be used to obtain the frequency response of the non-uniform channel, and so scattering due to bubble plumes is major cause for attenuation.