Clinico-Hematological Study of Chronic Kidney Disease

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. Number of prevalent CKD patients will continue to rise, reflecting the growing elderly population and increasing numbers of patients with diabetes and hypertension. Objectives The objective of the study was to study the hematological manifestations of chronic kidney disease and to correlate the hematological abnormality with the clinical stage. Method 100 chronic kidney disease patients were selected. The stage of kidney disease was evaluated by estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate. Complete hematological investigation was performed using Abbott cell-3700 dyn hematology analyzer and peripheral smear using Giemsa stain. Results CKD was seen in all age groups with a mean age of 50.03 years and predominantly in males (60 %). Majority of patients were in stage V CKD (85 %). The mean hemoglobin was 9.1g/dl and mean RBC count was 3.47 x1012/L. The fall in hemoglobin and RBC count inversely correlated with the clinical stage of CKD. Interpretation and Conclusion Chronic kidney disease is seen across all age groups with a male preponderance. The anemia of CKD is a normocytic normochromic anemia with increasing prevalence as the stage progresses. The fall in hemoglobin is due to low RBC count due to decreased erythropoiesis.