Periodontal Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Periodontal disease, or gum disease, is one of the most common chronic inflammatory disorders that affect the tissues surrounding the teeth. Optimal oral health is a critical component to the overall health of pregnant women and their babies. Untreated oral conditions can be a major risk factor for health complications in the developing fetus or newborn infant. Periodontal diseases are considered a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal demise affect a significant number of pregnancies and are a major source of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This review will assess the relationship between periodontal diseases on adverse birth outcomes as well as importance and safety of maintaining oral health care during pregnancy.