EPAnet Demand Calculation Methods and Implications

Water distribution network analysis depends largely on demand representation at nodal points irrespective of pattern of distribution network i.e. grid method or dead end method. Uncertainty in projected nodal demands and estimated pipe roughness coefficients of each year of operation is the major cause of fluctuation in pipe flows and nodal pressures of the Water distribution network (WDN). Allocation of wrong demand to nodes lead to failure of system either by generating negative pressures due to high velocities due to small diameter pipes or due low velocities and subsequent deposition of silt due to larger diameter of pipes. Since WDN is one of the most important and expensive components of water supply systems, Allocation of proper demand is the aim of water agencies or authorities dealing with design, maintenance, and the operation of WDNs. EPANET is the one tool for design of distribution network and demand allocation is an important step while designing. Present paper discuss about the calculation of demands to nodes by different methods and limitations of each.