Use of probiotics in aquaculture (a review)

Purpose. To analyze data of available specialized literature and summarize the information obtained on the use of probiotics in modern aquaculture. To review basic principles of classification of existing probiotics, methods of their introduction into the aquatic organisms and mechanisms of action of different probiotic groups. Findings. The analysis of scientific publications on the use of probiotics in aquaculture for efficient farming in order to reduce fish and shrimp mortality and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of farms has been provided. The literature data on the classification of probiotics depending on the composition and purpose are summarized. Modern and general ideas about the microbiota of aquaculture species are described. The actual ways of probiotic administration into the aquatic organisms are given. The main concepts of mechanisms and results of probiotics action on the host (suppression of pathogenic microflora, improving the quality of the aquatic environment, competition for localization and nutrients, providing the animal with immunostimulants, digestive enzymes and other biologically active substances). The prospects of using probiotics as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs and chemical remedies in aquaculture are shown. Practical value. The review may be useful for scientists investigating alternative treatments of aquaculture objects and the interaction of aquatic organisms with probiotics.