Innovative Ultrastructure as a Necessary Component of the National Innovation System

The article analyzes the innovative ultrastructure of the national innovation system and identifies its types and components. The conditions for the development of an effective innovative ultrastructure are considered. The organizations that perform scientific and scientific-technical work by sectors of activity are analyzed. The analysis of the number of employees involved in the implementation of research and development, by sectors of activity, academic degrees and age. Attention is paid to the analysis of institutions that train scientific personnel. The costs of performing scientific and scientific-technical works by types and sectors of activity, as well as the sources of their financing are studied. The results of scientific and scientific-technical work are clarified, in particular, the number of created new types of products, equipment, technologies, materials, plant varieties, animal breeds and methods and theories. Further directions of research of this theme are offered.