Physiological and biochemical aspects of adaptation-compensatory processes of hydrobionts under the effect of technological factors

Purpose. To study the functional status in the body of the common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) after the addition of biologically active substances in feed composition as an adaptogene and corrector of metabolic processes including the antioxidant system, catalase activity in carp body. Methodology. The experimental part of the study was performed at the laboratory of the Scientific and Research Laboratory “Aquaculture Perspectives”, Scientific and Research Laboratory of “S. Pentelyuk Physiological and Biochemical Studies”, Scientific and Research Laboratory of Ecological and Chemical Analysis and Water Monitoring of the State Education Institution “Kherson State Agrarian and Economical University” and at the laboratory of the “Kherson Production and Experimental Hatchery of Ordinary Fish Breeding”. The duration of the experimental part was 30 days. During this period, visual observation of the fish was carried out, biological material was collected for the study in accordance with the current methods in fish farming. Cytological studies of blood were carried out on smears using Micromed MDC-500-5MP eyepiece camera. ThermoMix equipment was used to transport biological material to the laboratory. The hydrochemical parameters in tanks of the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) were investigated by express methods (tests) with the corresponding recording of results in the work journal. The reaction and ethology of the common carp Cyprinus carpio to the light was carried out using digital equipment and a LDT test. Findings. The obtained results demonstrated the positive effect of the feed factor as an adaptogene and growth stimulator on the redistribution of metabolic energy in the carp body, which in turn had a stimulating effect on the development rate and improved the general functional status of the fish body. The paper presents the results of morpho-functional, biochemical parameters of carp blood in ontogenesis when grown in recirculating aquaculture systems against the background of the application of elements to improve technological aspects while improving the adaptive capabilities of the fish body. It was found that the feed factor, when introduced into the general economic ration, promoted an increase in the average carp body weight in the experimental group, improved the parameters of homeostatic equilibrium in comparison with fish in the control group. Positive results of a scientific and experimental study on the use of the additive as an adaptogene were obtained; it was studied with the aim of activating protective mechanisms, metabolic processes of aquatic organisms under constant or systematic exposure to stress factors of a technological nature. The study showed that the body weight, yield, total number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, total protein, and the level of catalase activity in the experimental groups of fish exceeded these parameters in the control group. The results obtained allowed noting the activation of the antioxidant system, the restructuring of physiological and biochemical processes, mobilization systems in the carp body in the experimental group. Originality. We found a correcting effect of the feed factor on metabolic processes, the adaptive capacity of the fish organism, as well as an increase in the resistance of the body as a whole. After implementing the technological scheme of cultivation of a feed factor of natural origin as an adaptogene against the background of the influence of technological stress factors, we found a correlation between the morpho-functional, biochemical parameters of carp blood and stress markers. Addition of biologically active substances of natural origin with a pronounced adaptive and correcting physiological and biochemical parameters into the general diet of carp improved the adaptive capacity. The antioxidant system was activated against the background of the action of technological factors.