Smart Antennas: Technological Advancement for Wireless Communication Networks

In the Era of digital (wireless and mobile) communication the requirements of efficient antennas and antenna systems in high-speed and high-capacity wireless communication systems are well understood. Conventionally, Antenna is a unit of wireless communication system electrically 9transmits signals to transmitter and receiver .An Antenna Array or Adaptive Array is known as Smart Antenna with multiple transmitter and receiver system which performs spatial signal processing with multiple antennas by latest advanced antenna techniques. This paper provides a general explanation of the requirements of antennas and antenna systems in recent high-speed and high-capacity wireless communication systems and the key technologies for satisfying these requirements, In communication systems, The adoption of multiple antenna tech-niques in future wireless systems is expected to have a significant impact on the efficient use of the spectrum, the minimization of the cost of establishing new wireless networks, the enhancement of the quality of service, we have to increase the reliability of the communication operation between transmitter and receiver while maintaining a high spectral efficiency. The ultimate solution relies in the use of spatial Signal processing algorithms and diversity techniques, which can be viewed as a form of redundancy. Multiple-input multiple-output systems include a variety of techniques capable of not only increasing the reliability of the communication but also impressively boost the channel capacity. In addition, smart antenna system can increase the link quality and lead to appreciable interference reduction. Smart antenna technology is one of the most vital developments in mobile communication. The signal that is been transmitted by a smart antenna cannot be tracked or received by any other antenna thus ensuring a very high security of the data transmitted.