A Review on Dental Material with Regard to Biocompatibility Properties

The use of dental materials in the human mouth is not possible except by relying on physiological, biological, pathological studies and the study of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Pulp capping is a treatment to deal with cases of reversible pulpitis that initiates the formation of reparative dentin so that vitality and tissue function can be maintained. The use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a pulp capping material has shown promising results in clinical trials. The success of pulp capping treatment can be seen from reparative dentin formation through histological examination. The aim is to determine the potential use of MTA as a pulp capping material against reparative dentin formation. Secondary data from several search engines such as ProQuest, Taylor and Francis, PubMed, and Wiley appropriate with keywords were obtained through 334 journals. Journals were filtered and identified by title, abstract, and keywords with a total of 28 journals; then, they were re-filtered by considering the complete contents yielding five journals. All the research journals reviewed in this literature revealed that pulp capping with MTA on permanent human teeth could form reparative dentin. One research journal only investigated the absence of reparative dentin; two other research journals used the location of the formation of reparative dentin against medicament. In contrast, the other two journals utilized the thickness of reparative dentin as the assessment criteria. MTA as pulp capping material for reversible pulpitis treatment can form reparative dentin that could be seen from the histological examination. The quality of reparative dentin can be evaluated based on the thickness of the reparative dentin and the location of the reparative dentin formation against pulp capping material.