A Review of Morphology, Bioactive Compounds and Anti-Bacterial Activities of Solvents and its Extracts of the Plant Phyllanthus emblica, the Indigeneous Medicinal Plant of the Sikkim Himalayas

India on account of a large burden of infectious diseases is one amongst the largest consumers of antibiotics in the world. Bacterial diseases still play a considerable role in our country. The resistant bacterial strains emerged are spread either through the hospital-acquired infections or from the community. The development of multi drug resistance in pathogenic microbes has put up a huge challenge to find the alternative medicine. Sikkim has a vast repository of diverse plant species where plants species have been claimed as having significant medicinal values. Phyllanthus emblica, commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, is perhaps the most important medicinal plant in the Indian traditional system of medicine. Several parts of these plants are used to treat variety of diseases, but the most important is the fruit. Phyllanthus emblica extracts have been claimed for antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cryoprotective, antiaging, nephrotoxicity modulation, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, insecticidal, anti-cancer, anti-atherogenic, anti-proliferative, anti-diarrheal, immunomodulator, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and radio-protective activity. The current review paper summarizes the morphology, bioactive compounds, antibacterial activity, uses of different solvents and its extracts and their properties, and ethno medicinal uses of the plant Phyllanthus emblica (syn. Emblica officinalis). Different types of extracts and herbal formulations derived from P. emblica have shown tremendous therapeutic and beneficial health effects in countering several diseases and disorders. On the basis of its medicinal properties, various potential remedies can be discovered through the whole plant, making it as an alternate source for the further drug development.