Problem Situations in the Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in higher Education and University Establishments in Lubumbashi Working in the LMD Reform

The global university space is changing. This transformation concerns in particular the teaching programs that the Bologna reform enshrined with the establishment of the LMD with, as a corollary, the establishment of quality assurance mechanisms. In order not to leave the process, the Ministry of Higher and University Education in the Democratic Republic of Congo to integrate the LMD device in accordance with the Bologna model (Ministerial Circular Note No.25 of September 2, 2010). According to academic instruction N?014/MINESURE/CABMIN/2012 of August 15, 2012 "the attachment of Higher Education and the University of the DRC to the Bologna Process is inevitable due to globalization (Tshinyama, 2017, 1).