HISTOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF GLOMERULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH NEPHROTIC AND NEPHRITIC SYNDROME IN IN CAPITAL CITY OF JAMMU, J&K, INDIA

Introduction: The clinical behavior of glomerular disease can vary from nephrotic syndrome (NS) to nephritic syndrome and sometimes can have a nephrotic-nephritic presentation. Objectives: To study the histological spectrum of NS and nephritic syndrome in the Jammu region. Patients and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in Jammu, India, including cases of different types of NS and nephritic syndrome. The demographic characteristics of enrolled patients were recorded and statistically analyzed. Immunofluorescence was conducted for all the included cases. World Health Organization classification was used for histopathological typing of glomerular disease. Results: A total of 100 patients with either NS (62.0%) or nephritic syndrome (11.0%) having a mean age of 36.46 years were included in this study. Proteinuria (96.0%) and edema (88.0%) were the common presentations. Renal biopsy showed that 79.0% of patients had a primary glomerular disease and 20.0% had a secondary glomerular disease. Among the primary glomerular diseases, the majority of patients had membranous glomerulonephritis (35.4%). Lupus nephritis (55.0%) was the most common secondary glomerular disease. The type of glomerulonephritis was significantly associated with age and serum creatinine (P<0.05). There was a significant association observed between various forms of glomerulonephritis and microscopic hematuria, edema, hypertension and acute renal failure. Conclusion: Membranous glomerulopathy was the most common primary glomerular disease and showed a significant rise in incidences with increasing age. Lupus nephritis was the most common secondary glomerular disease observed in this center.