Acute Myocardial Damage in COVID-19: Types, Mechanisms of Development, Diagnosis Criteria, Prognosis

INTRODUCTION: The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has placed a heavy burden on the health care system. Nowadays, the clinical and epidemic features of the disease are the subject of debate and have not been adequately studied. Studies on the effect of coronavirus on the cardiovascular system deserve special attention. They are of significant interest because myocardial damage is the second most frequent cause of death in COVID-19. The damaging effect of the virus on the cardiovascular system is multifactorial and is realized both through the direct effect of the virus on its elements and indirectly. In the long term, COVID-19 patients with myocardial lesions retain an increased risk of cardiovascular events and require monitoring by a cardiologist. CONCLUSION: Development of preventive measures, improvement of diagnosis and treatment tactics of cardiovascular diseases in COVID-19 is the main task of further long-term studies. The present review aims to discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the main forms of acute myocardial damage in COVID-19, as well as to analyze their clinical significance and approaches to diagnosis.