STUDY OF ANAEMIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, RISK FACTOR FOR THE PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF MICRO VASCULAR COMPLICATION, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anemia in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its role as a risk factor for the presence and the severity of diabetic retinopathy, in a population based study. Although chronic kidney disease-induced anemia is more prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), anemia is a common finding prior to manifestation of kidney disease. In presence of some risk factors at the time of diagnosing DM, microvascular complications must be considered. The effect of anemia as a risk factor on progression of DM complications is still unclear. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its association with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 DM. This cross-sectional study was performed in the present study is carrying out from Department of Medicine, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College & Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.) Results: The prevalence of anemia (Hb<12g/dl in women and <13g/dl in men) was 12.3%. Between 41 and 50 years of age, prevalence of anemia was higher in women than in men (78.6 % vs 56.3.3%). Men with anemia, and not women, had 2 times the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. Multivariate analysis revealed independent predictors for anemia: age group more than 70 years (66.7% vs 100%) duration of diabetes of more than 5 years or 1.56 (1.09-2.69) and the presence of diabetic retinopathy or 1.82 (95% CI 1.22-2.69). Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious diseases affecting the largest population worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy is a sight threatening preventable complication. Anemia is more common in diabetic population both men and women. Identifying and treating anemia would make a great impact in managing diabetic retinopathy. Anemia is a common complication of DM and is associated with duration of disease and microvascular complications.