Game theory-based photovoltaic array system reconfigure method: experimental validation

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems is significantly impacted by partial shading conditions (PSCs) when generating electricity. To mitigate these effects, researchers have explored modifying electrical connections and rearranging PV array modules. The primary goal of this research is to reduce shading's impact on PV systems and increase the global maximum power point (GMPP). In this study, the magic squares (MS) game puzzle (4×4 size) is used to demonstrate the PV system's performance, achieving 49.05W and 51.35W under realistic non-uniform irradiation levels. The total-cross-tied (TCT) and series-parallel (SP) methods are analyzed and compared, like the approach used in MS puzzles. Experimental validation shows good agreement with the MATLAB/Simulink analysis results in terms of low power loss (PL), GMPP locations, power enhancement (PE), and fill factor (FF). The results indicate that the suggested PV system is capable of producing satisfactory results.