Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Bone Health – A Review

—Through a number of biochemical and structural processes, long-term exposure to a diabetic environment causes alterations in bone metabolism and poor bone micro-architecture. These modifications make the bone more prone to fractures and impede osseous healing. In clinical practice, management of diabetes mellitus plays important role for preventing bone health complications. To effectively identify fracture risk in individuals with diabetes mellitus, alternate fracture risk assessment techniques may be required. There is currently no definitive model describing how diabetes mellitus affects bone health, particularly in view of progenitor cells. The best available information on the influence of diabetes mellitus on bone health in vitro and in vivo is summarised in this review, with a focus on future translational research prospects.