Influence of the composition of the flux, type and polarity of the current on the efficiency of electrochemical processes in the electroslag system (In Ukrainian)

The article examines the peculiarities of the chemical composition of the fluxes used for electroslag surfacing, as well as the type and polarity of the current, which have a significant impact on the efficiency of electrolytic processes in the electroslag system. The purpose of the article is to research methods of obtaining high-quality metal with specified physical and mechanical properties and service characteristics. In the course of the conducted research, it was established that the considered variants of ESN are static by their electrochemical conditions and do not allow to actively influence the electrolysis processes, to regulate the intensity of recovery of elements from slag to metal. In addition, with DC electrolytic processes, as calculations show, a little more than 30% of the total melting current is consumed. Of these positions, the most flexible and economical is the electroslag process using alternating current with an additional application of a certain (if necessary, adjustable) amount of direct current to the slag bath. It was found that a further increase in the current density of the constant component increases [V] to 0.72% with further stabilization, which indicates the exhaustion of the possibilities of electrolytic reduction of vanadium under these conditions (ESH on a constant current of reverse polarity on this slag-electrolyte provides close values (0.8%) of the concentration of vanadium in the ingot). Thus, the obtained information indicates that the selection of the composition of the slag-electrolyte and the mode of electrolysis should be carried out taking into account the electrochemical parameters in the electroslag system. It has been proven that a rational choice of the composition of the electrolyte slag and the electrolysis mode, based on the knowledge of the electrochemical laws of the process, can ensure the effectiveness of this option in specific different methods of ESH. Experiments of electroslag surfacing according to this scheme showed that the residual content of the recoverable element depends on the anodic current density at the stage of the bath, and at a fixed value of ik - on the composition of the flux. That is, two main parameters that determine the speed of electrochemical reactions are combined and act here. The main directions of conducting studies of the electroslag surfacing process to obtain high-quality surfacing metal with the necessary indicators of wear resistance have been determined. Further research should be aimed at determining the effectiveness of the use of modifying impurities of different chemical composition, which are introduced into the slag bath during the process of electroslag surfacing in order to obtain a surfacing metal with higher quality indicators.