In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Garcinia Kola Aqueous Stem Extract on Bacterial Isolated from Patient Visiting a Tertiary Health Facility in SouthSouth Nigeria |Biomedgrid

Resistance to treatment with antibiotics has promote herbal concern due to increasing failure of antibiotics in treatment of bacterial infections, it is therefore necessary to test the potency of herbal derivatives. The antimicrobial effect of Garcinia kola stem extract was investigated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus species, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella species (Gram +ve and -ve bacteria, respectively) using disc-diffusion method (Kirby-Baur). Aqueous stemextracts of 25mg/ml, 125mg/ml and 250mg/ml showed considerable inhibitory activities against the isolates. Antibacterial activity indices (AL) with variable inhibition zones (IZ) to test bacteria isolates range from 10-16mm for Escherichia coli, 13-16mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 6-14mm for Proteus mirabilis, 7-20mmfor Klebsiella pneumonia, 7-11mmfor Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6-12 for Streptococcus species and 9mm for Salmonella species. The Garcinia kola stem extract had Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 7.28mg/ml for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia respectively, Streptococcus species and Proteus mirabilis had MIC of 31.25mg/ml while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella species had MICof 62.25mg/ml respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in this study, showed that 1.92mg/ml minimum concentration of the aqueous extract have bactericidal activity for Klebsiella pneumonia, 7.28mg/ml for Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis,15.68mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, 125mg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 62.28mg/ml for Salmonella species and 62.28mg/ml for Streptococcus species. Phytochemical screening, revealed that, Garcinia kola stem extract contains Tanin, Resin, Flavonoid, Cardiac glycoside, Alkaloid, Resin, saponin and total absence of steroid. The present of bioactive metabolites in stem extract indicate its anti-microbial and therapeutic capabilities and supports folkloric claim that Garcinia kola is an effective tool used as herbal remedy and if purified, it could be employed in pharmaceutical formulations.