Thermal Radiation and Shape Factor Effects on Electro-magnetohydrodynamic Tri-hybrid Williamson Liquid Flow Around a Cylinder

Industries such as film manufacturing and polymer solution processing benefit from the Williamson fluid model because it more accurately characterizes the behaviour of pseudo-plastic fluids by including maximum and minimum viscosities. This work presents a numerical simulation that investigates the thermal behaviour of tri-hybrid Williamson nanoliquid flow around a cylindrical surface. The primary focus of the study is to examine the influence of thermal radiation, electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD), and the shape factor of nanomaterials on the physical quantities of energy transfer-related. Through the utilization of the hybrid linearization spectral method, the mathematical model that governs the problem is solved. The credibility and reliability of the obtained results are firmly established through verification against existing findings. The main results of this study reveal a remarkable decrease in heat transfer improvement for the tri-hybrid nanofluid as the Weissenberg number increases. The skin friction is shown to exhibit a clear increasing trend with the radiation coefficient, while the augmentation of the volume fraction factor or electrical factor demonstrates a discernible amelioration in velocity profiles. With increasing volume fraction, using Al2O3(hexahedron) - TiO2(tetrahedron) - Cu(lamina) / H2O raises the Nusselt number by 0.02–5% while decreasing skin friction by 1.3 - 9% compared with using Al2O3(sphere)-TiO2(sphere)-Cu(sphere)/H2O