Impact of Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Thiamine in Sperm Concentration

The role of vitamins in male reproductive health has garnered increasing interest, particularly regarding their impact on sperm concentration and overall fertility. This review focuses on three essential vitamins: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Thiamine (Vitamin B1), and their contributions to sperm health. Vitamin C, a potent antioxidant, protects sperm from oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals, thus safeguarding sperm DNA and enhancing motility. Its supplementation has been shown to improve sperm concentration, particularly in individuals exposed to oxidative stress from environmental factors or lifestyle choices. Similarly, Vitamin E, another vital antioxidant, plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of sperm cell membranes, preventing lipid peroxidation, and enhancing sperm quality. Together with Vitamin C, it forms a synergistic antioxidant defense that significantly influences sperm production and concentration. Thiamine, though less recognized in the context of fertility, is essential for energy metabolism and ATP production, which are crucial for sperm motility and the spermatogenesis process. Thiamine deficiency can lead to decreased sperm concentration and quality, highlighting its importance in male reproductive health. Collectively, adequate intake of these vitamins is essential for optimizing sperm concentration and improving male fertility. This review underscores the importance of dietary and supplemental strategies to enhance vitamin levels, ultimately promoting reproductive success.