INVESTIGATION OF GADOLINIUM-BASED CONTRAST REACTIONS IN MRI: SAFETY AND RISK FACTORS

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are critical for enhancing mag- netic resonance imaging (MRI), improving diagnostic accuracy in over 30 mil- lion annual administrations worldwide. Despite their utility, GBCAs are as- sociated with adverse reactions, including allergic-like responses, anaphylaxis, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), and gadolinium retention in tissues, even in patients with normal renal function.