Borrowing in modern Russian language: related linguistic processes

The study examines the main linguistic processes accompanying borrowing in modern Russian language. The relevance of the work is defined by actual views on the language system as a complex synergistically organized whole being in constant contact with external resources and dynamic evolution. The aim of the study is to systematize the procedural characteristics of the comprehensive inclusion of foreign vocabulary in the lexical system of the modern Russian language. The material of the work is the data of online versions of Russianlanguage periodicals, including both journalistic materials and readers’ comments. The methodology of the work is based on the dynamic synchrony model, which allows us to record and describe the development of the main language processes accompanying language transfer. The key development trends of latest foreign-language vocabulary corpus in the Russian language at its main linguistic levels are established. General and specific characteristics in the formation of phonemic-graphemic appearance of foreign units are presented, including the most common types of variability and their factors. Structural modifications of lexical units in the process of borrowing are analyzed, and this allows us to draw a conclusion about the intensification of hybridization and composition according to the model of analytical languages. The growth of analyticism in substantive and adjectival grammatical categories is recorded. The patterns of redistribution of semantic links among foreign-language and native words are given. They include the growing productivity of semantic loan translation, the formation of associative relations (synonymous series, antonymic pairs, and hyper-hyponic paradigms), and the “gamification” of colloquial speech. The aim to represent and explain those processes, many of which are recorded for the first time in such an extensive factual material, is undoubtedly one of the priorities of modern science.