Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Polymorphisms within the VDR gene have been associated with altered gene expression or gene function. Vitamin D polymorphism is associated with the development and the severity of several autoimmune diseases such as RA, MS, SLE, IBDs, and T1DM. This study is designed to establish any potential association of VDR polymorphism in patients with type 1 DM. Methods: This study was a hospital based case control study done among 40cases and 40 healthy controls. Type1DM cases were selected based on ADA 2020 guidelines. Vitamin D receptor Polymorphism was assessed using ARMS PCR technique. Vitamin D levels were estimated using ELISA. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21.0, p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The outcome parameter, VDR FokI genotypes (FF, Ff, ff) and BsmI genotypes (BB, Bb, bb) distribution and allele F, f; B, b frequency among cases and controls was analyzed. The distribution of FokI Genotypes (Ff, ff) was significantly different among T1DM cases and healthy controls. It was found that Ff genotype doubles the risk of T1DM when compared to other genotypes (p=0.045; OR=2.51). The distribution of BsmI genotypes (Bb and bb) was significant among cases and controls (p< 0.05). It was found that bb genotype increases the risk of T1DM compared to other genotypes (p=0.003; OR=4.20). Conclusion: We found that vitamin D receptor gene (BsmI and FokI) polymorphism is associated with T1DM.