Smart specialization as a strategy for the development of regional cluster systems

The article examines smart specialization (RIS3) as a strategic tool for developing regional cluster systems and enhancing the competitiveness of Ukraine's economy. It explores the concept of the entrepreneurial discovery process, the quadruple helix model, and the role of clusters as catalysts for innovation. European experiences with RIS3 implementation (Spain, Poland, Lithuania, and the Baltic States) are analyzed, with examples of successful cluster initiatives (Biocat, Aviation Valley, LITEK). The current state of Ukrainian clusters is outlined, highlighting key barriers to their development — lack of regional smart specialization strategies, insufficient funding, limited integration into global value chains, inadequate cluster management, and wartime challenges. The paper proposes directions for overcoming these obstacles: developing regional RIS3 strategies, creating cluster offices and innovation hubs, strengthening state support and international cooperation, and integrating the principles of Industry 4.0–5.0, the circular economy, and green transformation. It concludes that smart specialization can become a key mechanism for modernizing Ukraine's economy in the post-war period, fostering innovative ecosystems, new market niches, and investment attraction.