Final Solution’s Mallika, Zindaginama’s Jameela and Ice-Candy Man’s Amma: Comparing Them Through Resistance Theory

This paper investigates three female characters from Partition literature, focusing on their resistance strategies: Mallika from Manik Bandopadhyay's Final Solution, Jameela from Krishna Sobti's Zindaginama, and Amma from Bapsi Sidhwa's Ice-Candy Man. It attempts to delineate the patriarchy and social rejection that these women are put through by looking at them through the lens of resistance theory, more specifically, postcolonial and feminist lenses. The characters face extreme hurdles, but these form of agency like Mallika's violent rebellion, Jameela's quiet endurance, and Amma's moral defiance, show that everyone can yield different answers to the same challenge. These responses outline a reality in which women are not static figures that historical trauma shatters, but perform dynamic acts of resistance that situationally emerge.