Comparative Toxicity and Long Term Biocompatibility of Crosslinkers in Herbal Nanosponges

Herbal nanosponges are nanoscale porous carriers that enhance the solubility and therapeutic efficiency of plant derived bioactives. Among several formulation variables, the choice of crosslinker plays a decisive role in determining biodegradation, immune response, and overall safety. Although most studies focus on drug loading and release kinetics, relatively few have addressed their long term or immunological safety.This review summarizes and compares the toxicity profiles of widely used crosslinkers diphenyl carbonate DPC , carbonyldiimidazole CDI , citric acid, and glutaraldehyde drawing attention to data gaps and safety concerns. Finally, a structured toxicity testing framework is proposed to promote safer, biocompatible, and sustainable crosslinker choices for herbal nanosponge systems. Jeevan Kunde | Vaishnavi Gite | Vaishnavi Lokhande | Dipti Sonawane | Sakshi Sontakke "Comparative Toxicity and Long-Term Biocompatibility of Crosslinkers in Herbal Nanosponges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99949.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/99949/comparative-toxicity-and-longterm-biocompatibility-of-crosslinkers-in-herbal-nanosponges/jeevan-kunde