Precision Medicine in Diabetes Investigating Personalized Treatment Approaches Based on Genetic Profiles, Lifestyle Factors, and Other Individual Characteristics

Diabetes mellitus is a nonhomogenous chronic metabolic disease that is heterogeneous in both the onset of the disease, development, response to treatment and susceptibility to complications. Traditional population based methods cannot take into consideration the individual variations, which lead to poor glycemic control and a higher risk of complications. The paper explores the use of precision medicine in type 2 diabetes T2D through the combination of genetic profiles, lifestyle factors, and clinical characteristics to develop individualized treatment methods. Electronic health records, genome wide genotyping, and epigenetic markers, as well as validated lifestyle assessments, were used to appraise a cohort of 200 adult T2D patients 35 75 years old 56 percent male . TCF7L2, SLC30A8 and FTO key variants were identified using genetic profiling, and polygenic risk scores showed that 24 of patients were of high inherited risk. INS promoter hypermethylation and miR 375 upregulation are epigenetic features that were found in 18 25 of the patients and influenced beta cell activity. The lifestyle data indicated that high carbohydrate diet, low physical activity, low sleep, and stress were among the lifestyle factors that greatly increased the risk of glycemia among people with genetic predispositions. Multimodal stratifies patients into five subtypes, insulin resistant 28 , beta cell dysfunction 22 , mixed type 20 , lifestyle sensitive 18 , and high risk complications 12 . Lifestyle sensitive patients showed the greatest longitudinal treatment outcome 1.5 0.9 , insulin resistant 1.2 0.8 , and mixed type subgroups 1.0 0.7 , and minor response in high risk complications 0.6 0.4 . The results highlight that risk stratification as well as personalized therapy and better outcomes are important due to the combination of genetic, molecular, and lifestyle data. The research justifies the translation of precision medicine into clinical practice that will allow specific interventions, optimal glycemic regulation, and decreasing diabetes related complications. Dr. Sushil Mehtaa "Precision Medicine in Diabetes: Investigating Personalized Treatment Approaches Based on Genetic Profiles, Lifestyle Factors, and Other Individual Characteristics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-9 | Issue-6 , December 2025, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd99966.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/surgery/99966/precision-medicine-in-diabetes-investigating-personalized-treatment-approaches-based-on-genetic-profiles-lifestyle-factors-and-other-individual-characteristics/dr-sushil-mehtaa