Features of the occurrence, spread, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of infectious feline peritonitis

This study presents a synthesis of current data on the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). Coronaviruses are characterized by a high mutation rate and the ability to cross species barriers, which explains their wide distribution among domestic and wild animals. It has been established that FCoV is detected in a significant proportion of the feline population; however, infectious peritonitis develops in only about 10 % of infected animals as a result of viral mutations occurring within the host organism. The disease is accompanied by systemic inflammatory processes, multiple organ failure, and high mortality. The study examines the mechanisms of coronavirus transmission, including the role of bats as reservoirs of α- and β-­CoVs, and confirms the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to replicate in cats and dogs, indicating potential zoonotic risks. Particular attention is given to laboratory diagnostic approaches, including PCR, ELISA, and the detection of characteristic biochemical and morphological changes. Data on lesions affecting various organs and systems are summarized, with a focus on cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis, which may develop either as a result of direct myocardial infection by the virus or secondary to systemic inflammatory responses and cytokine storm. Modern therapeutic strategies, including antiviral and immunomodulatory approaches, are analyzed. Nucleoside analogues, particularly GS-441524, which inhibits viral RNA replication, are highlighted as the most promising. The emergence of Russian drugs such as “KoronaCat” and “Melon-­V” has been noted; however, the risk of resistant strain development remains a concern. Thus, feline infectious peritonitis continues to represent one of the most pressing problems in veterinary medicine. The systematization of available data underscores the need for further studies aimed at clarifying the pathogenesis, improving diagnostic criteria, and developing effective antiviral therapies.