Optimal Placement and Sizing of Capacitor and Distributed Generator in Radial Distribution System

Distribution Systems are growing large and being stretched too far, leading to higher system losses and poor voltage regulation, the need for an efficient and effective distribution system has therefore become more urgent and important. A distribution system connects consumers to the high-voltage transmission system. Because of lower voltage, and hence higher current, the I2R loss in a distribution system is significantly high compared to that in a high-voltage transmission system. The pressure of improving the overall efficiency of power delivery has forced the power utilities to reduce the loss, especially at the distribution level. Loss reduction initiatives in distribution systems have been activated due to the increasing cost of supplying electricity, the shortage in fuel with ever-increasing cost to produce more power, and the global warming concerns. The total system loss can be decreased by installing capacitor bank and distributed generation. These two methods can also help maintaining the level of voltage and maintenance power factor. The direct search algorithm is applied to minimize the loss in radial distribution systems.